Understanding PCOS/PCOD: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options 26/06/2024
Introduction
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a group of disorders that affects females and can cause a wide array of symptoms related to all systems of the body. The ovary is the main reproductive organ in the female body which releases an egg every month. In PCOS, the egg fails to release from the ovary and forms a cyst on the surface. Multiple such cysts give the ovary a characteristic appearance, which is why it is called polycystic.
A woman typically experiences around 460 menstrual cycles throughout her entire lifespan, with the average cycle lasting for 28 days. A cycle length of anywhere between 22 and 35 days is considered normal, while anything longer or shorter than that may indicate a problem with the female reproductive system. Women with PCOD/PCOS experience irregular periods, delayed or shortened menstrual cycles, and hormonal fluctuations due to irregular cycles. They may also experience excessive hair growth, known as hirsutism, male pattern hair balding, excessive weight gain near the lower belly, cramps, and uncontrollable cravings.
Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) exhibit higher-than-normal levels of testosterone, a male hormone. This may lead to hair growth, male pattern baldness, excessive stress, and deepening of the voice. Additionally, these women may experience high levels of stress due to increased cortisol, bloating caused by water retention, and high blood pressure. Some women with PCOS also report experiencing paranoia and hallucinations due to brain fog.
When does PCOD/ PCOS occur?
PCOD can occur in any menstrually female of any age. It is most commonly seen in 15- 35 years of age. PCOD/PCOS is believed to have a strong genetic component, according to researchers and experts. However, this narrative is still under research. It has been proven that PCOD/PCOS runs in families, and daughters of mothers who have PCOD/PCOS have a higher likelihood of inheriting it.
Women who have a compromised thyroid or high cortisol may also experience PCOD. Nevertheless, nowadays, PCOD/PCOS is mostly a lifestyle disorder. Due to sedentary lifestyles, processed foods, and excessive stress in jobs and workplaces, women have become increasingly prone to it. Earlier, in urban populations, one out of five women had PCOD, but now, in cosmopolitan cities, the number has tripled to three out of five women. It has increased at an alarming rate and is a great cause of concern.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that is common in women between the ages of 15 and 35, which happens to be the prime age for women to conceive. Women with PCOS may experience pain during sexual intercourse or menstruation, which could indicate an underlying condition such as endometriosis. Endometriosis is a common and noteworthy sign of PCOS. Though PCOS may have a significant impact on one's mental health and mindset, as it is often associated with infertility, miscarriages, or difficulty in conceiving, it is not impossible to manage. With the right guidance, nutrition, and lifestyle changes, PCOS can be reversed. Many women worldwide have managed to reduce their PCOS symptoms with simple changes. Therefore, it is only debilitating to a certain extent, but it can be managed and reversed.
How do you deal with it?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or Polycystic Ovary Disease (PCOD) is often associated with obesity or increased weight. It is debatable which condition causes the other, but they are often interconnected in multiple ways. PCOS can slow down metabolism, leading to increased weight gain. Weight can result in a rise in blood pressure, which can eventually compromise kidney function in the long run. Additionally, increased stress levels due to the heightened cortisol levels associated with PCOS can cause the body to store food as fat instead of metabolizing it. Additionally, this causes an increase in testosterone and prolactin levels, both of which can disrupt menstruation in females.
The easiest and best way to manage this condition is to lead an active lifestyle, which involves engaging in various forms of physical activity such as exercising, walking, and performing routine tasks that require physical exertion. A simple brisk walk is a good way to start exercising, and usually, the preferred exercises for women with PCOS are high-impact, low-intensity exercises. Pilates, Tabata, and resistance training are the most common forms of such exercises. Exercising anywhere between 3-6 times a week is good enough depending on your condition. Experts recommend that individuals with PCOD should aim to walk 10000 steps per day, in addition to a 40-minute workout. When combined with a nutritious and balanced diet, the right type of physical activity can work wonders for one's health. Women with PCOD should aim to have a fibre-centric and protein-rich diet. Including whole grains, millet, and probiotics like curd in almost all meals is advisable. A diet rich in leafy vegetables containing iron, magnesium, and other minerals and vitamins such as thiamine, folic acid, and cobalamin can be very helpful.
Having herbal teas, such as spearmint and rooibos, can help manage PCOD. This, in turn, can help reduce hirsutism and stress, both of which are symptoms of PCOS. Women with PCOS may also experience fatigue, dizziness, and brain fog at times. It is important to prioritize mental health by practicing mindful forms of exercise, such as meditation, yoga, and journaling. These practices can help relieve stress to a large extent. Additionally, reducing screen time may also help reduce PCOD as it reduces unnecessary strain.
Cutting down on processed foods, such as protein bars, store-bought juice cartons, chips, and instant foods, can significantly reduce and alleviate the symptoms of PCOS. Additionally, consuming healthy fats, such as a mix of pumpkin, melon, sunflower, and chia seeds, can increase the fiber in your diet, which will keep you feeling full for a longer time.
One of the most dreadful symptoms of PCOD.PCOS is insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a condition in which the cells of the body become resistant to the effects of insulin. This leads to an increase in blood sugar levels, as insulin is unable to transport glucose from the bloodstream into the cells. Insulin resistance is often a precursor to type 2 diabetes and can also lead to other health problems, such as cardiovascular disease. It is commonly caused by a diet high in sugar and processed foods, as well as a lack of physical activity. The most common and pathognomonic sign of IR is the darkening of the neck, elbows, and skin, A condition commonly known as Acanthosis Nigricans. Managing insulin resistance through lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, can help prevent diabetes and improve overall health.
Wrapping Up
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women and can cause a variety of symptoms related to all systems of the body. However, with the right approach, it is possible to manage and even reverse the condition. This involves adopting an active lifestyle, including various forms of physical activity such as high-impact, low-intensity exercises, and consuming a nutritious and balanced diet rich in fiber and protein. It is also essential to prioritize stress management and reduce screen time. Managing insulin resistance through a healthy diet and regular exercise is crucial in preventing diabetes and improving overall health. By following these steps, women with PCOS can significantly alleviate their symptoms and manage the condition effectively.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the causes of PCOS/PCOD?
The exact cause of PCOS/PCOD is unknown, but factors such as insulin resistance, inflammation, heredity, and excess androgen production play significant roles.
What are the common symptoms of PCOS/PCOD?
Common symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, weight gain, thinning hair, and difficulty getting pregnant.
How is PCOS/PCOD diagnosed?
PCOS/PCOD is diagnosed through a combination of physical exams, blood tests to check hormone levels, and ultrasound to inspect the ovaries.
What are the treatment options for PCOS/PCOD?
Treatment options vary depending on the symptoms and may include lifestyle changes (diet and exercise), medications for regulating menstrual cycles and hormones, fertility treatments, and surgery in severe cases.
Can PCOS/PCOD affect fertility?
Yes, PCOS/PCOD can affect fertility due to irregular ovulation or lack of ovulation. However, many women with PCOS/PCOD can still conceive with the right treatment.
Can lifestyle changes help manage PCOS/PCOD symptoms?
Yes, maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management can significantly improve PCOS/PCOD symptoms and reduce complications.